The Mediatrix and Co-Redemptrix Question: Eastern African Perspectives on Mary Before Vatican II
From part of the painting of Madonna and Child with Saint Anne by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio By Fr Casmir Odundo The modern Marian movement gained remarkable momentum in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In 1830, the Blessed Virgin Mary appeared to St Catherine Labouré at Rue du Bac in Paris, giving rise to the devotion of the Miraculous Medal. Less than 25 years later, in 1854, Pope Pius IX defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception in Ineffabilis Deus . Four years after this definition, in 1858, Our Lady appeared to St Bernadette Soubirous at Lourdes, identifying herself with the words, “ I am the Immaculate Conception .” This Marian climate was furthered particularly through the apparitions of Our Lady of Fatima in 1917, whose message called for conversion, penance, and the consecration of Russia. Later during the Holy Year of 1950 after consulting bishops from all over the world Pope Pius XII definined of the dogma of the Assumption in Munificenti...